The Challenger Disaster - Responsibility of Morton Thiokol Inc. Essay

The Challenger disaster was not only a disaster in terms of the destruction of the spacecraft and the death of its crew but also in terms of the decision-making process that led to the launch and in terms of the subsequent investigation into the "causes" of the disaster. The decision to recommend for launch was made by lower-level management officials over the objections of technical experts who opposed the launch under the environmental conditions that existed on the launch pad at the time. Furthermore, the lower-level managers who made this decision--both NASA and contractor personnel--chose not to report the objections of the technical experts in their recommendations to higher levels in the management chain- of-command to proceed with the launch. Finally, it seems that the lower-level managers had also received out-of-the-ordinary pressure from higher levels of management (some allusions suggested this pressure may have come all the way from the White House) to proceed with the launch on time. The subsequent investigation began with efforts to determine the technical causes of the explosion of the Challenger. Initially, the decision-making process leading to the launch was not considered by investigators. This suggests that the initial purpose of the investigation was not concerned with ethical issues or issues of responsibility. As the investigation proceeded, information emerged through leaks to the press, which suggested that NASA had been aware of the risk of explosion under the environmental conditions that existed for the Challenger launch for several months prior to the launch. Also, the opposition of the technical experts to the launch just prior to the decision to launch became known to the investigators as well. These two pieces of information changed the nature of the investigation mid-stream from an effort to determine the technical cause of the explosion of the spacecraft to an investigation of the decision-making process leading to the launch. Viewing the Challenger disaster as an ethical problem would lead to an effort to determine whether the decision to launch was "right" or "wrong." Clearly, the explosion was an accident. It was an accident that might have been prevented or anticipated but the decision to launch was clearly a matter of judgment--albeit of apparently poor judgment in retrospect--rather than... ...s associated with launching in the environmental conditions at the time. Lower-level managers were able to avoid accountability for both the final decision to launch (made by higher levels of management) and for recognition of the technical risks associated with launching (resting in the failure of technical experts to provide justification against launching in technical specifications or formal regulations). Each of these factors--the management chain-of-command, the role of technical specifications and formal regulations, and the availability of information--served to both hinder the ability of decision-makers to act and to obscure accountability for their decision-making. As such, they served to limit the responsibility of individuals within the decision-making process and to render that process itself irresponsible. These obstacles to responsibility within NASA point to the more important ethical problem that existed beyond the scope of the specific instance of the Challenger disaster. Namely, the poor nature of the decision-making process within NASA and its negative role in fostering responsibility, both on the part of individuals and on the part of the organization as a who

Anne Carson Essay

â€Å"Early one morning words were missing.† When I first read Short Talks, I had difficulty understanding why Anne Carson wrote about what she did, and thought that some words must have been missing. I was confused as to how they all fit together and it was only after further consideration that I came to see how the sections unite into one cohesive piece. Anne Carson’s Short Talks is a series of short reflections on different subjects that at first do not seem to be related, but through her use of cyclical images and consistent use of historical facts in fiction, the piece gains a cohesive quality that unifies the work. Throughout this piece Anne Carson references many historical figures. She mentions many famous people, including Frans Kafka, Gertrude Stein, Prokofiev, and Sylvia Plath, and by referencing these people she borrows from the authority they hold in the readers mind to strengthen her own work. She even references Frans Kafka multiple times, which acts to reinforce her authority. She references him first in the short talk â€Å"On Rectification† about his life and wife, and then brings him up again in â€Å"On The Anatomy†. By having her texts refer back onto themselves in an authoritative way, she strengthens her reliability in the reader’s mind as well as the relatedness of the different Talks. Anne Carson goes further than just bringing up historical figures. She also references many historical works of art as well as facts. The way in which she does this unifies her talks in a way that seems scientifically reliable. It appears as though she has facts to base her talks on, which stops the reader from wondering for too long if she is any sort of authority on the subject. She places these historical references throughout the text to curb the readers questions, as if to say â€Å"look, I’m not making this up, see this fact? I am talking about real things, go look it up if you want.† She starts off the talks with a fact asserted alongside her assumptions. In â€Å"Homo sapiens† she says the phases of the moon were inscribed on the handles of the tools, so they could be â€Å"reminded of her presence† while they worked. While the tools may actually have had the phases of the moon inscribed upon them, it does not mean the inscriptions were used for th at purpose at all. Anne Carson asserts historical assumptions with historical fact consistently throughout her text, which serves to unify the text. Yep, she plays with that strict division between fact and fiction. I think she is showing us that the way she knows these facts is filtered through her aesthetics and her particular way of perceiving — even though she is a classics scholar, her facts are inevitably fictionalized. Anne Carson also uses many cyclical imagery to unite her work. There are many reappearing images in this work, including the moon, travel, and art, but one great use of imagery is her use of water. Water appears in many of the talks, including â€Å"On Waterproofing†. This short talk is particularly important because it gives a deeper meaning to the appearance of water. This is a very strong, emotionally charged, talk, and whenever water appears in the peace emotions seem to flow with it. In â€Å"On Waterproofing† the mother dies shortly after the father shines her shoes so they are â€Å"waterproof†. Water also appears again when she is looking for her lost lover she crosses rivers, and the strong emotions of loss are again connected with water. Water is also a very cyclical element. Water exists in the water cycle, and the water cycle is also related to the moon and its cycles. These are wonderful details to notice. I loved these sections too! Water is also important in more subtle ways throughout the text. In â€Å"On Trout† the cyclical nature of water is more subtly referred to. Trout live their lives entirely in the water, and their life cycle depends on swimming upstream to spawn. Anne Carson says that some trout do not spawn upstream, and says that these â€Å"remaining trout† survive the winter by finding somewhere very deep in the water to hide. This reference brings up imagery of both the water cycle and the life cycle of trout, but also reinforces the watery imagery throughout the text, which ultimately serves to unite the short talks as a whole.

Pay Structure In The Entertainment Industry. Primarily,

PAY STRUCTURE IN THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY Primarily, themotivating factor of the entertainment industry is to earn profit for its expansion and development. The directors and the producers tend to invest upon the characters according to the certainties or uncertainties of the return they foresee to get from them. This makes it very clear, that there is barely any discrimination in the pay structure of a man and a woman. The media allots roles to the individuals as per the scripts made and the character required. Also, it pays an individual as per the responsibility and the role assigned. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states that attaining equality in its literal sense is not possible, only proportionate equality can be attained.†¦show more content†¦The modern day media, which is now trying to shatter the clichà ©, eliminating gender stereotypes and its biased roles, has been working tough in order to bring about a great change in the viewpoint of the society. LIBERTERIAN THEORY vs. SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY THEORY The libertarian theory states that people are capable enough to find out and judge good ideas from bad. It further says that an individual is a rational being and his rational thoughts lead him to differentiate between good and bad. The press ought not to confine anything; even a negative substance may give information and can settle on better decision in worse situation. Under this theory, media’s main purpose is to inform, educate, entertain and act as a regulator of the government. Libertarian Theory involves a belief that everyone has a right to information.Media is a form of free speech to the society. There is an enormous liberty to the press and the right to freedom of speech and expression including the freedom of propagation of ideas, and circulation given to it as there is individualism for press too. The Social Responsibility theory states that the main role of media is to serve the public. â€Å"With power, comes great responsibility.† The theory tries to convey that the media is under a moral obligation to deliver adequate datato citizens for making accurate decisions. Herein, the media is also predicted to symbolize the diversity of cultures. Media does harmonize both theShow MoreRelatedCaesars Entertainment : The World s Greatest Widespread And Most Diversified Casino- Entertainment Company1244 Words   |  5 PagesCaesars Entertainment is the world’s greatest widespread and most diversified casino- Entertainment company to exist(Caesars). Caesars has branched out into three different continents worldwide since they first began 75 years ago. They have proceeded to grow the company with the opening of new casinos, expansions, and acquisitions. Generally, Caesars Entertainment operates their resorts under the names Caesars, Harrah’s, and Horseshoe, with the exception of a few of their locations(Caesars). As ofRead MoreStreaming Media and Video Content1055 Words   |  5 Pagesstrictly at the video rental industry, Netflix faces minimal internal rivalry because the industry is dominated by only a handful of firm in Europe, namely Blockbuster. Although Netflix faces little internal rivalry in its immediate in dustry, the company faces an intensely competitive broader market. Since home entertainment covers a broad spectrum of technologies and channels of distribution, Netflix is in direct competition with firms in a number of other industries including cable networks, whoRead MoreGhost Production : The Dirty Little Secret1602 Words   |  7 PagesDylan Echevarria Professor Lesley Kamphaus English 105 11 November 2014 Ghost-Production: The â€Å"Dirty Little Secret† of The Music Industry The term â€Å"ghost production† has been coined as the â€Å"dirty little secret† of the electronic dance music scene. It is promoted as an opportunity for artists who want to break into the music business to receive help from someone who knows what sells and can ensure a popular hit. Ghost production also allows the ghost producers to use the same, â€Å"recycled†Read MoreWalt Disney s Objectives Of The World s Leading Producers And Providers Of Entertainment Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesbe one of the world s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information using its portfolio of brands to differentiate its content, services and consumer goods. The primary financial objectives of the company are to maximize profits and cash flow, and allocate capital to initiatives the development of long-term shareholder value.† Organizational Structure Disney operates using a strategic business organizational structure of the unit, which consists of five different segments: MediaRead MoreDish Network s Business Performance1163 Words   |  5 PagesNetwork runs a 24/7/365 operation in order to take care of all their consumers all the time. 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It quickly progressed to being the 2nd largest distributor by 1980 and in 1993 has the highest sales in the industry with $2.5 billion in North America. Arrow ordered components from suppliers like Intel, Motorola and sold them to OEMs like IBM, HP etc. They also catered to smaller firms and star t ups. They were renowned for having a diversified product portfolioRead MoreIndustry Analysis of Us Airlines1600 Words   |  7 PagesMGT489 Industry Analysis of US airlines Industry Structure US airlines have been improved substantially over past few years | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013(Q1) | On-time arrival rate (% of domestic flights within 00:15) | 73.4 | 76 | 79.5 | 79.8 | 79.6 | 81.9 | 80.01 | Involuntary denied boardings (per 10000 passengers) | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 1.09 | 0.82 | 0.99 | 1.06 | Mishandled bags (per 1000 passengers) | 7.05 | 5.26 | 3.91 | 3.57 | 3.39 | 3.09 | 3.15 | FlightRead MoreQantas Business Report Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesprime goal. 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Blank Paper Assignment In World History - Free Essay Example

Applying A Definition For Science - 963 Words

Applying a definition for science is a difficult thing to do considering there are various perspectives on the matter. People ranging from novelists to ecologists to journalists to environmentalists have their definitions which each contribute its own part to the meaning. Different parts of the definition include ecosystems, the environment, the hard sciences as well as the scientific method. Paul Keddy is an ecologist whose primary concern is wetlands. His approach focused on the state of these wetlands and how they are important to the Earth as well as to the people. By incorporating facts about this specific ecosystem, he emphasizes its preservation and the significance it holds. Wetlands offer carbon storage, flood control, maintenance of biodiversity, fish production, and aquifer recharge as well as other services (Keddy 141). Keddy explains that by decreasing its size, limits and restrictions are placed on these valuable services. Despite the many amenities wetlands provide, there are still many unknown which leaves a huge dilemma because if people aren’t aware of the significance of this particular ecosystem, they won’t care much to try and fight for its conservation. Even the ones that are well known, such as the Mississippi River Basin, which is intensively studied, is â€Å"†¦often treated in isolation, which misses two important scientific o pportunities: that of learning from work carried out elsewhere, and that of sharing knowledge† (Keddy 163). His science is one thatShow MoreRelatedIs Science Rational? Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagestopics of study, â€Å"Science† being one of them. We make presumptions, based on either reasonable evidence or that our thoughts and ideas are known as true by others. Through this we have come to understand and define science as its aims, leaving its definition, whether consciously or unconsciously, unchallenged. 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Incident free essay sample

In the Disaster in Franklin County simulation (Regents of the University of Minnesota [UMN], 2006), there were several key personnel in the incident command team. This concept is utilized in real disasters when the Public Health Director is responsible for collaborating with the other key personnel from the community. Some of these people are the Fire Chief, Police Chief and EMS Director who collectively provide a summary of potential public health concerns resulting from the disaster. Often the issues that need to be addressed are obtainment of necessary supplies, potential evacuation plans, management of power outages and hazardous spills, activation of emergency personnel and communication to the public. The Public Health Director will establish the Incident Command Center and assign responsibilities to the various sections. The Public Health Nurse is usually part of a multi-disciplinary team that is deployed to check on residents after a disaster and/or staff the temporary shelters. In the Disaster in Franklin County simulation, the nurse is deployed to go door to door to assess the needs of the residents. The primary function at this time is to triage the victims and evacuate or obtain additional resources based on the specific needs. The nurse also is heavily involved in communication and education about the state of recovery and safety protocols that should be initiated. Chain of Command Chain of Command, as defined by The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is â€Å"an orderly line of authority within the ranks of the incident management organization† (ICS Intro, n. . , Lesson 2). The Incident Commander defines the incident action plan and assigns the roles of the incident response team (ICS, 2010). The Public Information Officer makes sure that accurate information is communicated to the public and involved agencies. The Planning Chief gathers, analyzes and disseminates information to everyone. He or she is preparing for what else can occur. The Logistics Section Chief is responsible for obtaining equipment, supplies and space needed to carry out the actions of the team. The Liaison Officer is the contact person for supporting agencies and relays information and provides briefings when indicated. The Operations Section Chief organizes, assigns and oversees the team members. The Finance / Administration Chief ensures that all financial processes are correct and monitors resources that have been used (Regents of the University of Minnesota [UMN], 2006). Resources The community health nurse often covers large areas in a disaster and will need to be able to direct citizens to various areas based on their needs. The ability to identify available resources will be invaluable to these nurses as well as the victims. Safety and shelter are some of the most important issues that these nurses will need to address. The strength of a qualified community health nurse comes from knowing the resources available to them to address situations that are out of their scope of practice. Environmental Health Specialists, Social Services, Public Health Director, and Center for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) are agencies that are often consulted. One example of this utilization is a pre-printed informational pamphlet on various topics in several languages that nurses can distribute. During times of stress, victims have so many problems which they are dealing with that it is often hard to concentrate and process all information that they hear. Having this information in written format gives them something to refer back to after the nurse is gone. Other resources are key people in the Public Health Departments to assist with problems such as hazardous pills, grief counseling, evacuation to relief shelters and higher level medical treatment. Actions of Community Health Nurse One of the most critical roles of a Community Health Nurse is to assess the urgent health issues and availability of food, water and necessary medical supplies. Once these immediate health concerns are assessed, the nurse will evaluate the entire situation and their expanded needs. Assistance with this will require the nurse to know the various resources ava ilable in the area and how best to utilize them. In one scenario in the Disaster in Franklin County, a resident inquires about a hazardous spill in their shed. The nurse has pamphlets from organizations like the CDC in several languages that can be distributed for guidance until an Environment Health Specialist can be deployed. The nurse leaves this written information with the victim and makes contact with the appropriate department for further evaluation. The female in the second household appears to be under a great deal of stress because of the additional challenges taking care of a baby and mother in law in this situation. The nurse listens compassionately and then educates the resident on the possibility of relocating to a shelter which can offer supplies and additional support. The nurse also contacts social services to assist the family and arranges for someone to visit the household. The third household had residents that were non-English speaking and the nurse had difficulty communicating with them in their native language. The ability to furnish the resident with pamphlets in their native language allowed the nurse to deliver the basic safety instructions and then arrange to have someone follow up with them that was fluent in their native language. The fourth household that was discussed in the simulation had the potential for a medical emergency because of the inability for the resident to obtain medication for hypertension. The nurse realized that this must be addressed and arranged relocation to a shelter. This shelter supplied the necessary medication as well as medical supervision as needed. Coping With Aftermath Problems resulting from disasters linger for quite some time after the acute phase in a disaster and victims may have issues arise that they were not aware of initially. Community health nurses are often a primary point of contact for many of these situations and must be prepared for various problems. Sometimes, they are called on to simply reassure the victim that they are not alone in the situation and that help will continue to come. When a nurse allows a victim to discuss their concerns, the nurse can quickly expedite referrals to the appropriate area if it is out of their scope of practice. Occasionally, just having the validation and reassurance from a professional instills hope that things will get better soon. In the situation where the caller stated that her husband was angry and her child was drawing disturbing pictures of the storm, the nurse first made sure that the caller was not in any danger. After that, reassurance was given and a referral was made to a more qualified provider for counseling. When another caller identified the problems with mold in the basement, the nurse validated that this sounded serious and informed the victim that appropriate environmental specialist would be contacted immediately to come and evaluate the problem. In addition to validating the potential seriousness of the problem, the nurse knew the area to contact for assistance and handled this for the victim. The nurse quickly identified the importance of the call from the father of the child with the burns on her hands from picking up a ball from a ditch and called 911 immediately. The nurse’s medical training and critical thinking skills guided this decision to prevent potential harm from occurring to others in the area. By notifying 911, the area would be secured quickly and the other departments would be called in as indicated. Throughout all of this, the community nurse functions as the center of a wheel to receive and distribute key information. Techniques In stressful situations people in authority or key positions have the ability to agitate or soothe those that have been affected. The most important thing that the nurse must do is listen intently to what the victim is saying. This is the only way that they can assess the safety of the victim and understand the entire situation. If the nurse feels that safety is an issue, he or she must immediately contact the appropriate department while remaining calm and supportive. The nurse must be able to empathize with what the victim is going through and reassure them that they are not alone. The nurse involved each of the residents in the decision making related to their situation. By clearly stating the various options and discussing the benefits of each, the nurse assisted in giving them some sense of control back into their life. Professionalism is another trait that the nurse must portray, especially as it relates to various departments or agencies. Disasters cause an enormous amount of additional work and stress to systems and consequently may result in slower process times. Instead of criticizing these departments for the timeliness of resolutions, the nurse should maintain accurate updates and communicate this to the victims while reassuring them. If the nurse does not have information that is requested, he or she should either facilitate the victim getting to the appropriate area or research it and follow up with the victim. Preparation of Nurses Reports from ineffective emergency responses indicate that poor responses primarily result from inadequate management (ICS Intro, n. d. ). Effective emergency response and management begins with extensive planning and training involving multiple agencies in a community. This planning and training is ongoing and is updated based on the size of the community, resources available and potential threats to the area. Community nurses will be responsible for treating victims in a holistic manner. In the position paper â€Å"The Role of Public Health Nurses in Emergency Preparedness and Response† (The Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing [ASTDN], 2007, p. 5-8), several competencies related to emergency preparedness are discussed. Community health nurses must be well informed of their agency’s role and expectation, be able to describe the chain of command and supervision during an emergency response situation, be knowledgeable of the emergency response plan, know their functional roles and how to execute them, correctly demonstrate required skills and use of required equipment, understand their communication role, identify key resources for situations outside their expertise, recognize and triage deviations that may indicate potential problems and participate in continuing education and evaluating drills. Preventing, preparing, responding and recovering from any type of disaster is more important now, than ever before, for anyone in the healthcare profession. Because of this, nurses may serve as first responders and function in various roles collaborating with other emergency workers to protect the safety and health of communities. References Intro to Incident Command Sysstem. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://emilms. fema. gov/IS100b/ICS01summary. tm Introduction to the Incident Command System (ICS 100) for healthcare/hospitals. (2010). Retrieved May 5, 2013, from http://www. training. fema. gov Regents of the University of Minnesota (Producer). (2006). Disaster in Franklin County. Retrieved from http://www. sph. umn. edu/details/course/7594/ The Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing. (2007). The role of public health nurses in emergency preparedness and response. Retrieved from http://www. phnurse. org

Management strategies Of Intrepid Travel Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management strategies Of Intrepid Travel Company. Answer: Analysis of Management strategies Planning and strategy Intrepid Travel Company offers many benefits to its employees so that the operations of the company can be smoothly conducted. The emphasis is to provide good services to the customers so that satisfaction level of the customers can be increased. The values of the company are taken into consideration at the time of conducting the activities of the organization. The values of the company are innovation, leadership, and teamwork. Strategic goals of the company are revised for setting benchmarks which need to be attained from the execution of the operations. Innovation is used as a strategy for enhancing the quality of the services offered (Intrepid Travel, 2018). Goals and planning strategy The Company analyzes the market condition so that the activities can be conducted accordingly. The main motive of the company is to provide quality services to the customers for satisfying their needs. Intrepid Travel Company is operating as a not-for-profit organization with a motive to satisfy the customers (Intrepid Travel, 2018). Approaches to planning and sustainability To operate the activities of the company in a proper manner it is essential to consider proper planning so that goals can be accomplished effectively. Sustainability also has an essential role in Intrepid Travel Company. Focus of Intrepid Travel Company is on modern and innovative approach. Intrepid Travel Company is focusing on using innovative services so as to enhance the satisfaction level of the customers. Sustainable designs are being integrated in the products or services offered by Intrepid Travel Company. Different factors have been taken into consideration for incorporating sustainability in the business practices. These factors include leadership, governance, communication and training, reporting, pressure from stakeholders and commitment from top level and lower level (Caliyurt and Yuksel, 2017). Human resource management The Company recruits those candidates who have proper idea of the working pattern of the company. The emphasis of the company is to maintain proper human resource in the organization so that the satisfaction level of the customers can be enhanced. It is also essential to retain employees so that the activities can be conducted smoothly. Professors of the company offer cross culture training and development so that candidates can easily evaluate the working pattern of the employees (Sparrow, et. al., 2016). Competitive strategies Intrepid Travel Company considers porter generic strategies so that the overall objectives of the company can be achieved. Intrepid Travel Company is focusing on Human resource for gaining competitive advantage over the others in the market. Focus of Intrepid Travel Company is on employment security, incentive pay, employee ownership, symbolic egalitarianism, participation and empowerment, incentive pay, long-term perspective and selectivity in recruiting. Another approach adopted by Intrepid Travel Company through which it has gained competitive advantage is job analysis, job description and job evaluation (Savitz, 2013). To find right candidates and proper employees Intrepid Travel Company has adopted effective strategies for the purpose of selection of the right candidates for performing the operations of the organization. Digital media has been selected for reaching the candidates and attracting them towards the organization. Another strategy adopted by Intrepid Travel Company include different steps. First step is to analyze the culture of the company so as to identify the requirement of the individuals for performing a particular job. Detailed job descriptions are developed in the second step of the strategy. Well-structured interviews are prepared by Intrepid in the third step. Tests are conducted in the next step for the analysis of the skills and knowledge of the candidates. Personal interviews are conducted in the next step and selection is made on the basis of the qualifications of the candidate (Schuckert, et. al., 2015). Strategies adopted by Intrepid Travel Company for developing and maintaining effective workforce An effective strategy has been formulated on the basis of which employees are hired in Intrepid Travel Company. Company has adopted an effective recruitment strategy for hiring the capable and skilled candidates which suits to the requirement of the company. Effective communication channel is developed by the top level management for ensuring the flow of information among the employees. Incentives are being offered by the company to the employees so as to maintain an effective workforce. Performance of the employees is measured and incentives are offered to the workforce. Motivational approaches are being used for enhancing the satisfaction level of the employees and resolving the issues faced by them. Focus of Intrepid Travel Company is on identifying the issues faced by the workforce and solving these issues (Ehnert, et. al., 2014). Sustainable practices in Intrepid Travel Company Sustainability is concerned to create a proper ecological balance of the environment. It has played an important role in Intrepid Travel Company. Intrepid has adopted a sustainable practice in which focus is on reproducing the capabilities of the workforce which helps the employees to secure the jobs and also enhances the satisfaction level. The organization is able to survive for the long term if there is proper management of human resources in the organization. This practice has helped in enhancing the productivity of the employees which contributed towards the vision of Intrepid. The activities can be conducted smoothly by having proper focus and good communication system with the employees (Ehnert, et. al., 2014). Leadership Leadership in the organization helps the employees to give direction in a correct manner. If proper leadership is there in the organization than proper direction is given to the employees. Positive results can also be achieved if there are proper leadership styles considered by the company (Stead Stead, 2013). Styles of leadership There are many styles of leadership that is evaluated by Intrepid Travel Company so that the travelers feel happy and satisfied with the services offered to them. The company uses original leadership styles so that the employees can conduct the activities with efficiency and dedication. To achieve competitive environment it is seen that cross-cultural leadership also helps the company to evaluate the activities in an effective manner. The Company helps to motivate the workers so that the activities can be conducted according to the rules of the company (Mittal, 2015). Features of leadership Leadership has helped Intrepid Travel Company in increasing the factor of motivation and helps to achieve positive results. The leader of the company also tries to maintain a good relationship between the employees of the organization so that the work can be conducted smoothly. Qualities of leaders are the dedication and good attitude that help to solve every problem of the company. Focus of Intrepid Travel Company is on developing an effective communication channel for handling the issues faced by the employees in a better way (Porter and Kramer, 2011). Role of Leadership in inspiring and motivating employees Transformational leadership has been adopted by Intrepid Travel Company which has helped in identification of the changes required, developing a vision for guiding the efforts and execution of the change. Leaders of Intrepid are working with the subordinates for motivating and inspiring others in the organization. Four elements of Transformational leadership have been considered by Intrepid Travel Company. These elements are idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration and inspirational motivation (Schuckert, et. al., 2015). Sustainability in leadership Sustainability is an important part of leadership as it assists the company to compete in the competitive environment. It also analyzes the wants and requirement of the employees. Leaders of the company should consider the practices of sustainability so that the proper leadership can be given to the employees. Sustainability in Leadership has helped in focusing on the enhancement of the employment process of Intrepid and retention of the employees (Porter and Kramer, 2011). Controlling the value chain and technology Intrepid Travel Company value chain is to give proper services to the customers. In the value chain, there are many innovative techniques that are considered by the company so that the negative impact can be reduced (Caliyurt and yuksel, 2017). The company also invests in various projects so that the carbon emission can be reduced. The Company is concerned with the proper travel process that helps the employees to enhance the supply chain of the company. For example: convenience is given to the customers so that demand can be enhanced. Sustainability also has the major part in the value chain and technology so that the resources can be managed in a proper manner (Stead Stead, 2017). References Caliyurt, K. Yuksel, U., 2017, Sustainable supply chain management: the good, the bad and the ugly,Sustainability and management: an international perspective,pp. 277-287. Caliyurt, K. Yuksel, U., 2017, Sustainability in airlines,Sustainability and management: an international perspective,pp. 174-187. Ehnert, I.,Zink, W. Harry, K., 2014,Sustainability and hrm,Sustainability and human resource management,pp. 3 -33. Intrepid Travel, 2018, [Online] About Us. Accessed on: 04 February 2018. Available at: https://www.intrepidtravel.com/us/about Mittal, R., 2015, Charismatic and transformational leadership styles: A cross-cultural perspective,International Journal of Business and Management,10(3), p.26. Porter, M. E. Kramer, M. R., 2011, Creating shared value: Redefining capitalism and the role of the corporation in society,Harvard Business Review,89(1/2), pp.62-77. Savitz, A., 2013,The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too, John Wiley Sons. Schuckert, M., Liu, X. Law, R., 2015, Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent trends and future directions,Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(5), pp.608-621. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. Chung, C., 2016,Globalizing human resource management, Routledge. Stead, G. Stead, E., 2013,Organisational governance and strategic leadership in SSM,Sustainable strategic management (2nd edition),pp. 239-245. Stead, G. Stead, E., 2017,Value chain analysis,Sustainable strategic Marketing management,pp. 109-112.